Breach & Clear: Deadline (stylized as DEADline) is a 2015 post-apocalypse real-time tactics action role-playing video game developed by Mighty Rabbit Studios and Gun Media, and published by Gambitious Digital Entertainment and Devolver Digital. Home console ports released the following year. A breach is a physical break or rupture, as in the hull of a ship. It also means a violation or infraction, as in a breach of trust. It can also be used as a verb referring to the action that leads to each of these things. January 2020 In September of 2017, Equifax announced a data breach that exposed the personal information of 147 million people. The company has agreed to a global settlement with the Federal Trade Commission, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and 50 U.S. States and territories.
BREACH (a backronym: Browser Reconnaissance and Exfiltration via Adaptive Compression of Hypertext) is a security exploit against HTTPS when using HTTP compression. BREACH is built based on the CRIME security exploit. BREACH was announced at the August 2013 Black Hat conference by security researchers Angelo Prado, Neal Harris and Yoel Gluck. The idea had been discussed in community before the announcement.[1]
Details[edit]
While the CRIME attack was presented as a general attack that could work effectively against a large number of protocols, only exploits against SPDY request compression and TLS compression were demonstrated and largely mitigated in browsers and servers. The CRIME exploit against HTTP compression has not been mitigated at all, even though the authors of CRIME have warned that this vulnerability might be even more widespread than SPDY and TLS compression combined.
Buzzbundle 2 55 8. BREACH is an instance of the CRIME attack against HTTP compression—the use of gzip or DEFLATE data compression algorithms via the content-encoding option within HTTP by many web browsers and servers.[2] Given this compression oracle, the rest of the BREACH attack follows the same general lines as the CRIME exploit, by performing an initial blind brute-force search to guess a few bytes, followed by divide-and-conquer search to expand a correct guess to an arbitrarily large amount of content.
Mitigation[edit]
BREACH exploits the compression in the underlying HTTP protocol. Therefore, turning off TLS compression makes no difference to BREACH, which can still perform a chosen-plaintext attack against the HTTP payload.[3]
Breach Valorant
As a result, clients and servers are either forced to disable HTTP compression completely (thus reducing performance), or to adopt workarounds to try to foil BREACH in individual attack scenarios, such as using cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection.[4]
Breach Synonym
Another suggested approach is to disable HTTP compression whenever the referrer header indicates a cross-site request, or when the header is not present.[5][6] Mini metro 1 0 22. This approach allows effective mitigation of the attack without losing functionality, only incurring a performance penalty on affected requests.
Another approach is to add padding at the TLS, HTTP header, or payload level. Around 2013-2014, there was an IETF draft proposal for a TLS extension for length-hiding padding[7] that, in theory, could be used as a mitigation against this attack.[5] It allows the actual length of the TLS payload to be disguised by the insertion of padding to round it up to a fixed set of lengths, or to randomize the external length, thereby decreasing the likelihood of detecting small changes in compression ratio that is the basis for the BREACH attack. However, this draft has since expired without further action.
References[edit]
- ^'Is HTTP compression safe?'. Information Security Stack Exchange. Archived from the original on 2018-04-12. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
- ^Goodin, Dan (August 1, 2013). 'Gone in 30 seconds: New attack plucks secrets from HTTPS-protected pages'. Ars Technica.
- ^Angelo Prado, Neal Harris and Yoel Gluck. 'SSL, gone in 30 seconds: A BREACH beyond CRIME'(PDF). Retrieved 2013-09-07.
- ^Omar Santos (August 6, 2013). 'BREACH, CRIME and Black Hat'. Cisco.
- ^ abIvan Ristic (October 14, 2013). 'Defending against the BREACH Attack'. Qualys.com. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
- ^manu (October 14, 2013). 'BREACH mitigation'. Qualys Community. Retrieved 2013-11-25.
- ^A. Pironti; et al. (2013-09-11). 'Length Hiding Padding for the Transport Layer Security Protocol'. IETF Network Working Group. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
External links[edit]
- HEIST, a related compression-based attack on the body of the response demonstrated at BlackHat 2016
Fnaf Security Breach
| Breach & Clear: Deadline | |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | |
| Publisher(s) |
|
| Director(s) | Joshua Fairhurst |
| Composer(s) | Jason Graves |
| Platform(s) | |
| Release |
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| Genre(s) | Real-time tactics, action role-playing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |
Breach & Clear: Deadline (stylized as DEADline) is a 2015 post-apocalypsereal-time tacticsaction role-playing video game developed by Mighty Rabbit Studios and Gun Media, and published by Gambitious Digital Entertainment and Devolver Digital. Home console ports released the following year. The title is a spin-off to the 2013 game Breach & Clear.
Gameplay[edit]
In the game, players control a squad of four United States Army Special Forces soldiers trapped within a desolated city populated with zombies. Throughout the adventure, the group searches for survivors whilst fighting off hoards of infected and human mercenaries. Each of the four main characters may be controlled individually. The game is an open world title with the player being able to explore the whole city, looking for items, survivors and missions.[1] Crafting and upgrades are present, allowing the troops to upgrade their gear for better features and sustainability in combat. A leveling system also exists.
Story[edit]
In Harbor City, a United States Army Special Forces fireteam call-signed Raider-3 investigates a government science laboratory that had lost contact with local authorities. During the raid, the team encounters a zombie infestation and attempts to evacuate the laboratory, but perishes from the horde as the outbreak escalates. Meanwhile, another Special Forces fireteam call-signed Vergil 2-2 is tasked with securing an escape route for the U.S. Army personnel stationed at Fort Brigg (the game's fictional version of Fort Bragg). While attempting to scout Harbor City, the chopper carrying Vergil is shot down by a cult carrying military-grade weaponry, leaving the fireteam as the sole survivors of the crash in the Downtown district. Upon regrouping, the team finds themselves combatting hordes of zombies and hostile mercenaries allied with the cultists, finding pockets of allied survivors during their travels. After aiding the local downtown residents gather supplies, the team enters the Park district by navigating through the sewer systems, where Vergil helps stranded U.S. Army survivors gather explosive materials to collapse a cave serving as one of the zombie horde's breeding grounds. Upon completing this task, Vergil is ordered to recover the body of Patient Zero in the Suburbs in order to devise a cure for the zombie outbreak. Upon entering the suburbs, Vergil is embroiled in defusing a conflict by either aiding the cultists led by Donald Redding or aiding the cult's deserter, Callum Fenway. Depending on the faction aided, Vergil manages to secure a tissue sample (if they sided with Redding) or recovers Patient Zero's body (if they sided with Callum).
With the materials secured, Vergil aids a surviving pair of United States Marine Corps snipers deployed in the Harbor City Docks in destroying the last remaining cult group led by Malcolm Carter. Vergil also helps secure a cargo freighter in order to provide safe passage for the survivors and Fort Brigg personnel. The game ends when Vergil makes a decision to deliver the biological sample to Washington, D.C. personally or to stay in Harbor City to protect their family members.
Publication history[edit]
The PlayStation 4 received a small physical print run through Mighty Rabbit's subsidiary, Limited Run Games. 3,000 copies were produced and sold on the distributor's website on July 29, 2016, six days before the game was released on the PlayStation Store.
On November 17, 2016, an updated version of the game, entitled Breach & Clear: Deadline Rebirth, was released, which overhauled most of the game's aspects and removed the online co-operative mode.[2]
Reception[edit]
Breach & Clear: Deadline received mixed reviews upon release, contrary to the generally positive scores its predecessor was awarded. IGN Italia gave the Windows version a 7.2. Tyme 2 5 3. Reviewer Francesco Destri applauded the tactical gameplay and 'exciting' dungeon crawling but took issue with the controls and team management of the four-man party.[3]
The PC version currently has a score of 62/100 on Metacritic based on eight reviews.[4]
References[edit]
- ^McDonagh, Ryan. 'Breach & Clear: Deadline is Dead on Arrival'. Critical Indie Gamer. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
- ^'Breach & Clear: Deadline Receives Massive New Update'. Gamasutra. November 18, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ^Destri, Francesco (July 23, 2015). 'BREACH & CLEAR: DEADLINE RECENSIONE'. IGN Italia. j2 Global. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
- ^'Breach & Clear: Deadline'. Metacritic. Retrieved December 18, 2016.
